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of a righteous God.  For the Lord God was their King, and their Judge, whether they knew it or not.  And for three transgressions of theirs, and for four, the Lord would not turn away their punishment, but would send fire and sword among them, and they should be carried away captive, as they had carried others away.  But to go back.  Amos next turns to his own countrymen—to Judah and Israel, who were then two separate nations.  For three transgressions of Judah, and for four, the Lord would not turn away their punishment, because they had despised the law of the Lord, and had not walked in His commandments.  Therefore He would send a fire on Judah, and it should devour the palaces of Jerusalem.  But Amos is most bitter against Israel, against the court of King Jeroboam at Samaria, and against the rich men of Israel, the bulls of Bashan, as he calls them.  For three transgressions, and for four, the Lord would not turn away their punishment.  And why?

      Now see what I meant when I said that Amos believed not only in the kingdom of God, but in the righteousness of God.  It was not merely that they were worshipping idols—golden calves at Dan, and Bethel, and Samaria, at the same time that they worshipped the true God.  That was bad, but there was more behind.  These men were bad, proud, luxurious, cruel; they were selling their countrymen for slaves—selling, he says so twice, as if it was some notorious and special case, an honest man for silver, and the poor for a pair of shoes.  They were lying down on clothes taken on pledge by every altar.  They were breaking the seventh commandment in an abominable way.  They were falsifying weights and measures, and selling the refuse of the wheat.  They stored up the fruits of violence and robbery in their palaces.  They hated him who rebuked them, and abhorred him that spoke uprightly.  They trod upon the poor and crushed the needy, and then said to their stewards, “Bring wine, and let us drink.”  Therefore though they had built houses of hewn stone, they should not live in them.  They had planted pleasant vineyards, but should not drink of them.  And all the while these superstitious and wicked rich men were talking of the day of the Lord, and hoping that the day of the Lord would appear.

      You, if you have read your Bibles carefully and reverently, must surely be aware that the day of the Lord, either in the Old Testament or in the New, does not mean merely the final day of judgment, but any striking event, any great crisis in the world’s history, which throws a divine light upon that history, and shows to men—at least to those who have eyes wherewith to see—that verily there is a God who judges the earth in righteousness, and ministers true judgment among the people;—a God whom men, and all their institutions, should always be prepared to meet, lest coming suddenly, He find them sleeping.  If you are not aware of this, the real meaning of a day of the Lord, a day of the Son of Man, let me entreat you to go and search the Scriptures for yourselves; for in them ye think ye have eternal life, and they are they which testify of the Lord, of that Eternal Son of whom the second Psalm speaks, in words which mobs and tyrants, the atheist and the superstitious, are alike willing to forget.

      In the time of Amos, the rich tyrants of Israel seem to have meant by the day of the Lord some vague hope that, in those dark and threatening times, God would interfere to save them, if they were attacked by foreign armies.  But woe to you that desire the day of the Lord, says Amos the herdsman.  What do you want with it?  You will find it very different from what you expect.  There is a day of the Lord coming, he says, therefore prepare to meet your God.  But you are unprepared, and you will find the day of the Lord very different from what you expect.  It will be a day in which you will learn the righteousness of God.  Because He is righteous He will not suffer your unrighteousness.  Because He is good, He will not permit you to be bad.  The day of the Lord to you will be darkness and not light, not as you dream deliverance from the invaders, but ruin by the invaders, from which will be no escape.  “As if a man did flee from a lion, and a bear met him; or went into the house and leaned his hand on the wall, and a serpent bit him.”  There will be no escape for those wicked men.  Though they dug into hell, God’s hand would take them; though they climbed up into heaven, God would fetch them down; though they hid in the bottom of the sea, God would command the serpent, and it should bite them.  He would sift the house of Israel among all nations like corn in a sieve, and not a grain should fall to the earth.  And all the sinners among God’s people should die by the sword, who say, “The evil shall not overtake us.”

      This was Amos’s notion of the kingdom of God and His righteousness.  These Israelites would not obey the laws of God’s kingdom, and be righteous and good.  But Amos told them, they could not get rid of God’s kingdom.  The Lord was King, in spite of them, and they would find it out to their sorrow.  If they would not seek His kingdom and His government, His government would seek them and find them, and find their evil-doings out.  If they would not seek God’s righteousness, His righteousness would seek them, and execute righteous judgment on them.  No wonder that the Israelites thought Amos a most troublesome and insolent person.  No wonder that the smooth priest Amaziah begged him to begone and talk in that way somewhere else.  He saw plainly enough that either Amos must leave Samaria, or he must leave it.  The two could no more work together than fire and water.  Amos wanted to make men repent of their sins, while Amaziah wanted only to make them easy in their minds; and no man can do both at once.

      So it was then, my friends, and so it will be till the end of this wicked world.  The way to please men, and be popular, always was, and always will be, Amaziah’s way; to tell men that they may worship God and the golden calf at the same time, that they may worship God and money, worship God and follow the ways of this wicked world which suit their fancy and their interest; to tell them the kingdom of God is not over you now, Christ is not ruling the world now; that the kingdom of God will only come, when Christ comes at the last day, and meanwhile, if people will only believe what they are told, and live tolerably respectable lives, they may behave in all things else as if there was no God, and no judgments of God.  Seeking the righteousness of God, say these preachers of Amaziah’s school, only means, that if Christ’s righteousness is imputed to you need not be righteous yourselves, but will go to heaven without having been good men here on earth.  That is the comfortable message which the world delights to hear, and for which the world will pay a high price to its flatterers.

      But if any man dares to tell his fellow-men what Amos told them, and say, The kingdom of God is among you, and within you, and over you, whether you like or not, and you are in it; the Lord is King, be the people never so unquiet; and all power is given to Him in heaven and earth already; and at the last great day, when He comes in glory, He will show that He has been governing the world and the inhabitants thereof all along, whether they cared to obey Him or not:—if he tell men, that the righteousness of God means this—to pray for the Spirit of God and of Christ, that they may be perfect as their Father in heaven is perfect, and holy as Christ is holy, for without holiness no man shall see the Lord: if he tell men, that the wrath of God was revealed from heaven at the fall of man, and has been revealed continuously ever since, against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, that indignation and wrath, tribulation and anguish will fall upon every soul of man that doeth evil; and glory, honour, and peace to every man that worketh good:—when a man dares to preach that, he is no more likely to be popular with the wicked world (for it is a wicked world) than Amos was popular, or St Paul was popular, or our Lord Jesus Christ, who gave both to Amos and to St Paul their messages, was popular.  False preachers will dislike that man, because he wishes to make sinners uneasy, while they wish to make them easy.  Philosophers, falsely so-called, will dislike that man, because he talks of the kingdom of God, the providence of God, and they are busy—at least, just now—in telling men that there is no providence and no God—at least, no living God.  The covetous and worldly will dislike that man, for they believe that the world is governed, not by God, but by money.  Politicians will dislike that man, because they think that not God, but they, govern the world, by those very politics and knavish tricks, which we pray God to confound, whenever we sing “God save the Queen.”  And the common people—the masses—who ought to hear such a man gladly, for his words are to them, if they would understand them, a gospel, and good news of divine hope and deliverance from sin and ignorance, oppression and misery—the masses, I say, will dislike that man, because he tells them that God’s will is law, and must be obeyed at all risks: and the poor fools have got into their heads just now that not God’s will, but the will of the people, is law, and that not the eternal likeness of God, but whatever they happen to decide by the majority of the moment, is

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